Explanation: If Q is less than K, then the reaction has not yet reached the equilibrium state. It will proceed spontaneously in the forward direction. Since it is proceeding spontaneously in the forward direction, this must mean that the ΔG (Gibbs free energy) must be negative, or less than zero.
In chemistry, a spontaneous processes is one that occurs without the addition of external energy. A spontaneous process may take place quickly or slowly, because spontaneity is not related to kinetics or reaction rate.
The second law of thermodynamics describes the relationship between entropy and the spontaneity of natural processes. Second Law: In an isolated system, natural processes are spontaneous when they lead to an increase in disorder, or entropy.
Criteria for spontaneity in terms of free energy change: (i) If ∆G is negative, the process is spontaneous. (ii) If ∆G is positive, the direct process is non-spontaneous. (iii) If ∆G is zero, the process is in equilibrium.
Gibbs free energy (G) is a state function defined with regard to system quantities only and may be used to predict the spontaneity of a process. A negative value for ΔG indicates a spontaneous process, a positive ΔG indicates a nonspontaneous process, and a ΔG of zero indicates that the system is at equilibrium.
When ΔS > 0 and ΔH < 0, the process is always spontaneous as written. When ΔS < 0 and ΔH > 0, the process is never spontaneous, but the reverse process is always spontaneous. When ΔS > 0 and ΔH > 0, the process will be spontaneous at high temperatures and non-spontaneous at low temperatures.
A spontaneous reaction is a reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under which the reaction is occurring. This combination of a decrease in energy and an increase in entropy means that combustion reactions occur spontaneously.
Spatial diffusion is the process by which behavior or characteristics of the landscape change as a result of what happens elsewhere earlier. Spatial diffusion is the spread of the phenomenon, over space and timed, from limited origins. Diffusion processes are common in nature.
Recall that expansion diffusion is defined as that group of spreading phenomenon that has a source and diffuses outwards from the source. The spread of a fire, or pollution being emitted from a point source are examples of this type of spatial diffusion.
Expansion diffusion is when innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations. For example, Islam has spread throughout the world, yet stayed strong in the Middle East, where it was founded.